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The “envsubst” tool is part of the GNU’s “gettext” package that programmers use to create multilingual programs. We use envsubst to substitute environment variables in a file or a data stream. This is particularly useful when creating and adapting configuration file templates in a variety of scenarios. For example, you sometimes have a template configuration […]

Earlier, I’d written about how the awk statement in Linux can be a superior alternative to grep in many situations. One of those included the ability to perform complex operations, including control loops. The “if-else” statement is one of the most basic control loops in all languages. While it’s strange to view awk as a […]

Most people working on a git repository, have done so by cloning a remote one. The thousands of developers who work on projects everyday, have mostly taken an existing repo and are working on it. When you do this, git sets up a connection to the remote repo and calls it the “origin”. This makes […]

SIGSEGV is a signal sent by the operating system to a process indicating that the process has attempted to access memory that it shouldn’t. This kind of error is prevalent in low-level code – that deals directly with system code, for example. These days, SIGSEGV errors are rare because of improvements in modern programming languages […]

While the purpose of git is to maintain a faithful record of a project’s history, it’s usually not a good idea to blindly include every single change, including mistakes or tiny commits that should be merged into a single one. I’ve written before, about how we can use git squash to keep a clean project, […]

Linux uses the concept of “streams” to handle input and output messages. Specifically, there are three: These streams are defined by the environment in which a command operations, and doesn’t depend on the command itself. So if a script has an output – say via an “echo” statement or it throws an error, these messages […]

A group in Linux is a way to bunch users together so that they’re easier to manage in one place. The easiest way to demonstrate the power of groups is to show how we can manage their permissions in one go. But you can do more than just manage permissions. With special “control groups”, you […]

Linux allows you to use the bash prompt to provide the input for a variety of commands. For example, let’s say you want to quickly create a file with some text. The following will work nicely: echo “Test file” > testfile.txt This will create a file called “testfile.txt” as shown here: You can see that […]